Vahid Shaghaghi-Shahri, an economist and university professor, describes three fundamental crises currently facing Iran:

Transition from Oil-based Global Order: The world is moving towards a new global order that no longer relies on oil.
Long-lasting Sanctions: Years of debilitating and sustained sanctions have worn down the country's economic infrastructure and resulted in a loss of vast oil resources.
Faulty Economic Policies: Incorrect policies, such as a non-competitive economic environment and a complex, unhealthy business ecosystem characterized by cronyism, semi-state, and rent-seeking economies, have compounded these crises over time.
Shaghaghi-Shahri notes that Iran is experiencing extensive economic crises that have accumulated over more than a year or two. These multifaceted crises, including environmental issues, land subsidence, banking troubles, and pension fund crises, are now coming to the forefront. He warns that these problems are just beginning to show their signs.

He emphasizes that symptoms of the economy's decline, such as currency shocks and inflation, necessitate first addressing the underlying economic illnesses. The complexity and intertwining of these issues make them difficult to resolve, requiring difficult decisions and a significant shift in both political and economic governance.

Unfortunately, Shaghaghi-Shahri insists that powerful stakeholders within Iran's economy hinder efforts to create a competitive market or improve the business environment. These individuals benefit from the current system, receiving significant rents, which obstructs necessary reforms. Without changes, he warns that hope for improvement dwindles, and conditions will continue to worsen, leaving the people increasingly frustrated.