Iran nuclear deal hits milestone

The US expects Iran will take months to live up to its end of a seven-nation nuclear pact that could eventually provide the country relief from international sanctions.

The deal formally took effect on Sunday, opening the way for Iran to make major changes to an underground nuclear facility, a heavy water reactor and a site for enriching uranium. The changes will not happen immediately, and Iran must further constrain its nuclear program before relief from sanctions will occur.

"These next steps will allow us to reach the objectives we set out to achieve over the course of nearly two years of tough, principled diplomacy," President Barack Obama said in a statement.

"I am confident in the extraordinary benefits to our national security and the peace and security of the world" from putting the agreement in place.

Senior administration officials on Saturday said they understand it's in Iran's best interest to work quickly, but they are only concerned that the work is done correctly. They insisted that no relief from the penalties will occur until the UN's International Atomic Energy Agency has verified Iran's compliance with the terms of the agreement. They said Iran's work will almost certainly take more than the two months Iran has projected.

The administration officials spoke on a conference call with reporters, but under the condition that they not be identified by name.

As part of the nuclear agreement, Barack Obama on Sunday issued provisional waivers and a memorandum instructing US agencies to lay the groundwork for relieving sanctions on Iran.

In Iran, Ali Akbar Velayati, a top adviser to supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei told state TV: "On implementation, all should be watchful that Westerners, particularly Americans, to keep their promises".

Velayati said Iran expects that the US and other Western countries that negotiated the deal will show their "good will" through lifting sanctions.

Iran's atomic energy chief, Ali Akbar Salehi, told state TV that Tehran was ready to begin taking steps to comply, and awaited an order from President Hassan Rouhani. "We are hopeful to begin in the current or next week," he said.

The IAEA said Iran had agreed to allow greater monitoring of its commitment to the deal, going beyond basic oversight provided by the safeguards agreement that IAEA member nations have with the agency. For instance, it allows short-notice inspections of sites the IAEA may suspect of undeclared nuclear activities.

Even as the terms of the deal begin taking effect, recent developments have shown the wide gulf between the US and Iran on other issues.

Fighters from Iran have been working in concert with Russia in Syria, and a Revolutionary Court convicted a Washington Post reporter who has been held for more than a year on charges including espionage. The court has not provided details on the verdict or sentence. Further, two other Americans are being detained, and the US has asked for the Iranian government's assistance in finding a former FBI agent who went missing in 2007 while working for the CIA on an unapproved intelligence mission.

Also, Iran has successfully test-fired a guided long-range ballistic surface-to-surface missile.

"The Obama administration's belief that this nuclear agreement can usher in a new era of partnership is a complete misread," said a critic of the deal, Representative Ed Royce, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Royce, Republican-California, said the administration "is looking more naive by the day".

But the US officials asserted that those actions would be worse if they were backed up by a nation with a nuclear weapon. The officials emphasised that the seven-nation pact is focused solely on resolving the nuclear issue.

The steps being taken by the US come 90 days after the UN Security Council endorsed the deal.

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